MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase)
Biological or Clinical Significance:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins. They are secreted as zymogens (pro-MMPs) that are activated by a variety of proteinases. They are inhibited by specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and by non-specific proteinase inhibitor, α2-macroglobulin. The regulation of MMP activity is important in tissue remodeling, inflammation, tumor growth and metastasis.
Human MMP-9 (also known as gelatinase B) is secreted as a 92 kDa zymogen.
MMP-9 is involved in inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, mobilization of matrix-bound growth factors and processing of cytokines. Its expression correlates with the desmoplasia (abnormal collagen deposition) that accompanies pancreatic cancer, with the metastasis to lymph nodes by human breast carcinoma cells and with the invasion of regional vessels in giant cell tumors of bones. MMP-9 may be elevated in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in patients with gingivitis and periodontal diseases.
Principle of Test Method:
The MMp-9 assay is a solid-phase ELISA that employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay principle.